1.    Use of data Data issued fromthe usage of public transportation can be anonymized and used to produce mapsshowing when and where people are traveling, giving both a far more accurateoverall picture, as well as allowing more granular analysis at the level of individualjourneys, than was possible before. As a large proportion of Paris journeysinvolve more than one method of transport, this level of analysis was notpossible in the days when tickets were purchased from different services, incash, for each individual leg of the journey.

For example, the metro, passengers are used to “checking outand checking in” – tickets are validated (by automatic barriers) at the startand end of a journey. However, on buses, passengers simply check in.Traditionally tickets were purchased from the bus driver or inspector for a setfee per journey. There is no mechanism for recording where a passenger leavesthe bus and ends their journey – and implementing one would have beenimpossible without creating an inconvenience to the customer. So, can we useBig Data to infer where someone exited? We know where the bus is, because wehave location data and we have data for entry, what we do next is look at wherethe next tap is. If we see the next tap follows shortly after and is at theentry to a tube station, we know we are dealing with one long journey using busand metro. This permit to understand how crowded a particular bus or range ofbuses are at a certain time, and to plan interchanges, to minimize walk times. Wecan also use big data to study origin-destination pairs at different levels andthus optimize the transfer times if big chunk of population faces the same “inefficiency”2.

    Collaboration between the citizen and the cityThe citizens must be involved in the city mapping we must therefore promote the acquisition ofsensors by citizens and the development of tools for feedback and analysis ofinformation. *****give information to the user ********collaborativemapping can be used as a tool for urban development and resilience. Finally,this mapping will be conceived as a true public service of the data ensuringthe reliability, the free and the guarantee of a benevolent use of the dataproduced on the territory.3.

    Free public transportationPublic transportation of metropolitan cities is a crucialpart of the solution to the nation’s economic, energy, and environmentalchallenges – helping to bring a better quality of life. In increasing numbers,people are using public transportation and local communities are expandingpublic transit services. Free public transportation will encourage people usingit rather than choosing the option of private vehicle which will result inoverall low pollution emission.Free public transportation can also create other positiveexternalities such as a more efficient labor markets since it is easier forpoor people to get to jobs. This is a benefit to employers for it makes iteasier to hire people and it is a benefit to the people without cars who nowfind it easier to get jobs. But it is also a benefit to the society at largebecause it contributes to a long-term reduction in poverty.