a major premise, followed by a minor premise that leads to a conclusion

appeal to emotion

also called “circular reasoning”, a type of fallacy in which a statement is not literally false but cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth.

type of writing that ridicules society or a person

form of argumentation in which someone assumes that parts or all of what someone claims is a fact

type of explanation given for some event, used when someone has already attempted to explain and that explanation has been disputed

illogical or misleading comparison between two things

belief in something based on the fact that it has not been proved false

technical terms associated with a certain profession

The way a piece is organized (compare & contrast, cause & effect, chronological, definition, stream of consciousness)

ways of communication (narration, persuasion, exposition, analysis, description)

figure of speech in which the writer deliberately makes an event seem less important or serious than it actually is

a comparison between two things

a question asked for effect and does not require an answer

a type of tone, intended to teach a moral lesson

form of word play which suggests two or more meanings

a figure of speech in which a word is substituted with another closely related to it

figure of speech in which seemingly contradictory terms appear next to each other

figurative description that helps the reader form a mental image

figure of speech in which two or more clauses are related to each other through a reversal of structures (type of syntax)

a part is used to represent a whole

a statement that first appears to contradict itself, but reveals a truth

a short, easily remembered expression of a basic principle or wisedom

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words

type of tone, sparing in the use of words, abrupt

a figurative or metaphorical use of a word or phrase

when a noun or noun phrase is placed with another for definition or explanation

reasoning from details to general principles

reasoning from the general to the particular

using unusual words or complicated rhetorical constructions

uniform structure or composition

abnormal, irregular, varied structure

a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences or paragraphs

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of sentences

mild or indirect word for one that is too harsh or blunt

an exaggeration for emphasis

form of understatement in which the affirmative is expressed by the negation of its contrary

the use of words that imitate a sound

the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely placed words

an exclamatory phrase in a speech or poem that addresses a person or thing that is absent or dead

giving something that is nonhuman human characteristics

a simile elaborated in detail

sharply contrasting ideas are balanced in parallel structure (“united we stand, divided we fall”)

the repetition of the sound of a vowel in non-rhyming stressed syllables

what is said is opposite of what is meant

difference between what the readers/audience know and what the characters know

novel that describes an idealistic society

sudden revelation or insight

strong verbal or written attack on someone or something

a clause introduced by a relative pronoun

unrealistic, impractical, idealistic

words or phrases or tone that is scholarly

the study of the forms of words

faulty reasoning, misleading or unsound argument

arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

the complete set of meaningful units in a language (dictionary)

category of writing or artistic composition characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject.

the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing

a form of rhetorical question in which a question is posed, and then answered by the speaker

the literal meaning of a word

a concise statement of a principle or truth

lacking in freshness or originality

a complex sentence that has no subordinate or trailing elements following its principal clause (“Yesterday, when I was outside, walking down the street, as the sun was setting, I saw them”)

literature in which figures or events are symbolic of greater truths

appeal to logic

employing a smooth and easy style of writing, the writing flows

skeptically humorous, mocking

marked by elaborate rhetoric

the unintentional misuse of words

literary work that imitates a work or author for comedy or ridicule

type of fallacy in which the opponent’s character is attacked.

(“Don’t trust Megan. She likes to make children cry.”)

the act of proving wrong or false

an author’s choice of words

formal or elaborate praise

pretentious inflated writing

implied or indirect reference in literature to another piece of literature, art, or culture.

Latin for “it does not follow”, in inference that does not follow from the premises

a string of questions asked in rapid succession

appeal to ethics, distinguishing character, sentiment, morals

a person or thing that is chronologically out of place

an adjective or phrase that describes a quality of a person or thing

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning

a question asked in a tone of amazement

the argument is that everyone is doing something, so you should too

to prove to be right

a type of English verse with internal rhyme within one line

fast-paced, frantic

harmonious succession of words

the terminology used by a certain group of people by location, culture, or occupation

harsh discordant mixture of sounds

informal speech

rhetorical position taken by a writer on a topic

a succession of main clauses of approximately equal length and corresponding syntax (“I came, I saw, I conquered.”)

harsh satire directed against an individual

resembling reality

old fashion language

commonplace, not challenging

something that foreshadows a future event

fearful

fear or alarm

beginning to exist

destructive fire

large in amount, abundant

extraordinary, wonderful

revered, treated in high regard

pertaining to a practical point of view

a standard or typical example

the representation of objects (especially a god) as having human form or traits

an interval of time

a fallacy in which only a few alternatives are considered when there are actually other options

assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the later event.

the idea that any cause leads to a certain event

using fear, panic, or prejudice to win an emotional argument

distorted in meaning

harmless

an attack or criticism

excessively smooth or smug; trying too hard to give an impression of earnestness, sincerity, or piety

doctrine that places the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good

the belief in no God

to support, assist, or encourage

an original model on which something is patterned

division into two mutually exclusive groups

acidic in temper or mood

characterized by or emphasizing a gloomy setting and grotesque or violent events; such a literary or artistic style;

patronizingly haughty

something held as an established opinion

an extended expression on a thought

a short sermon

to darken

relating to the Byzantine empire, intricate and involved

irregularity

flagrant, obvious, and distinguished

relating to fighting or boxing

using abusive language

faulty causal relationship

based argument on insufficient evidence

having little relevance to the argument, misleading

writer chooses to refute the opponent’s weakest argument

reduces complex issues to black or white choices

suggests that one step will inevitably lead to a more eventually negative result

no discussion

attacks person