An exchange of letters between the sharif of Mecca, Husayn Bil Ali, and Sir Henry McMahon. McMahon encouraged the Arabs to revolt against the Ottoman empire and if they succeeded England would accept their independence.

(1973) Anwar Sadat wanted peace with Israel as long as they return pre-1967 back to Egypt. Israel refuses and, consequently, Egypt and Syria invade Israel.

There was early Arab success however, and Israeli counterattack led to a ceasefire.

(1993) Agreement between Israel and the PLO, terms go as follows: Mutual recognition, Israel military withdrawal from Gaza and eventually West Bank, and the Palestinian Authority would be a self-governing body.

(Sep. 17,1978) Agreement that Egypt would recognize Israel, Israel would withdraw from Sinai Peninsula, and Egypt-Israel peace. Major turning point in Arab-Israeli conflict.

Agreement in which the Jewish state received 55% of land and the Palestinian state would receive 45% of land. Jerusalem would be an international zone.

A letter sent from Arthur Balfour to Lord Rothschild stating that Palestine would be a home of the Jewish people.

An unorganized, spontaneous Palestinian uprising in West Bank, Gaza, and Jerusalem. Intifada means flood or uprising. Death toll: 160 Israelis (2/3 citizens), and 2,000 Palestinians (Most killed by fellow Palestinians.

The second Intifada that occurred from 2000-2005. 3,000 Palestinians were killed and 1,000 Israelis were killed. It began when Ariel Sharon went to the Temple Mount which upset the Palestinians.

Also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, lasted from June 5th-10th. A preemptive Israeli attack wiped out Egyptian air force and Israel stopped Jordanian and Syrian invasion fro the North and West. Israel wins and triples land, which included the Sinai peninsula.

(1916) A proposed division of land in the Middle East between England and France.

(1948) Israeli forces defeated Syrian, Egyptian, Iraq, Palestinian and Jordanian forces.

Although the Arab countries had more forces Israel won by better organization. This war led to 1949 Armistice Agreement.

One who speaks Arabic or considers themselves to be Arabic.

A language spoken by many Arabs. National language of many middle eastern countries.

One who follows the religion of Islam.

One of the three Abrahamic religions.

Monotheistic and is articulated by the Quran. Muhammed was an important prophet in religion.

A state, (1299-1923) that occupied large portions of the Middle East. In the McMahon-Hussein Agreement the Arabs attempted to revolt against the Ottomans.

Western tendency to stereotype Middle Eastern and Arab people and societies as: Barbaric, primitive, unchanging, exotic, homogenous, etc.

A geographic region situated with the Mediterranean sea to the east, Jordan to the west. This area is occupied by Israel, and palestinian territories.

Democratic state in middle east, Mediterranean is to the east, was formed in 1948 by Zionists.

Many other middle eastern countries have yet to recognize Israel as a sovereign state. Official languages are Arabis, and Hebrew. The state also contains the holy city, Jerusalem, which has many religious sites to all Abrahamic religions.

Area in east Israel, west of Jordan. Area where many Palestinians live, and a part of the future Palestinian state.

Southwestern Israel, north of Egypt. Area where many Palestinians live, and part of future Palestinian state.

A group of people descending from Palestine, modern day Israel. The Palestinians have had a long-lasting desire for their own state as they have suffered a diaspora.

Citizens or nationals of modern day Israel.

Organization grounded in 1964 with the purpose of liberating Palestine. Recognized as only legitimate Palestinian representative. Secular.

PLO Chairman 1968-2004.

President of Egypt from 1970-1981 until his assassination, helped negotiate peace with Israel.

Former Prime minister of Israel from 1977-1983. Helped negotiate Camp David Accords.

A Palestinian Islamic organization that denied Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem

Prime Minister of Israel, assassinated by a radical Israeli in 1995. helped negotiate Oslo accords.

A proposal that Israel and a Palestinian State could both have individual countries in Palestine.

A Palestinian poet who is recognized as the poet of Palestine.

Divide area into three states: Israel (77% of land), Jordan (West Bank), and Egypt (Gaza Strip). This solution does not create a Palestinian state.

President of Egypt from 1956-1970. Leader of Pan-Arabism, the idea that a single, Arab state should be created.