One of the leaders of the Great Awakening (1730’s and 1740’s)
Jonathan Edwards
Known for “fire and brimstone” style
Jonathan Edwards
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Define “fire and brimstone” style?
Emphasizes the fate of the unfaithful, also emphasizes God’s wrath
How many parts is “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” divided into?
Three
What tone is “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” said in?
Subdued. Not too overwhelming, also stared at the back of the church with 2nd POV
Why didn’t Edwards give eye contact during his most famous sermon?
Sign of respect
What was the purpose of Edwards using metaphors and similes?
To instill fear into his audience, one of his emotional tactics
True or false: Edwards only used rhetoric in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
False, since there was a transitional time in the New World for reason, Edwards was familiar with the importance of reason in his arguments
Jonathan Edwards entered Yale at the age of.
..
13
At what age did Jonathan Edwards graduate college?
17
Name some images that Edwards used in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
1.
We are all in the hands of God2. Hell is a wide gaping mouth, ready to spew us out3. God’s water is like great water damned for the present4. Bow of God’s wrath bent and made ready on string5. Wickedness makes you heavy as lead6. Black clouds of God’s wrath7. Destruction will come like a whirlwind8.
You will be like the chaff of the summer threshing floor9. Pit of hell, you are a spider/insect
What kind of literary devices does Edwards use in his sermon?
Allusions, oxymorons, and parallel structure
What was Edwards sermon intended to be seen as?
Optimistic and hopeful
What is Anne Bradstreet known as?
The first American Poet
Bradstreet’s first work published in 1650?
“The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America composed By A Gentlewoman of those Parts”
What does Bradstreet’s poetry document?
The hardships of colonial life, reflects her intelligence and complex understanding of faith
Harvard being known as a religious school at first showed what about the Puritans?
How serious the Puritans were about religion
What was Edward Taylor before he was famous as a poet?
Puritan minister and physician
Why did Edward Taylor write poetry?
To explore God’s role in life and to imitate the artistry of God
Who discovered and published Taylor’s poems, The Meditations?
Thomas Johnson
What were Edward Taylor’s poems known as?
Metaphysical, complex imagery, elaborate conceits that appeal to the intellect instead of emotion
What form did Taylor write in?
Venus and Adonis form, 6 line stanzas in iambic pentameter
What was Olaudah Equiano’s Christianized name?
Gustavus Vassa
How old was Equiano when he was captured?
11
What was the name of Equiano’s slave narrative?
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the Africa, written by Himself (1789)
How long was Equiano enslaved, and how did become free?
Enslaved for about 10 years, he bought his own freedom for 40 pounds, which was the money he earned for himself managing the owner’s money.
What groups of people were contributors to early American literature?
Native Americans, Europeans, and slaves
What form was early Colonial Literature mainly in?
Oral
What similarities do the Pilgrims and Puritans share?
Both religious reformers and both set up colonies being theocracies
What is the main difference between the Pilgrims and Puritans?
The Puritans intended to return back to their native land, while the Pilgrims intended to be separate
What are the two beliefs of the Puritans?
Predestination and continual hardwork
What are some important Puritan values?
Self improvement, frugality, and adherence to scripture
The Great Awkening
1720, religious revival, re-inspire Puritanism in the hearts of people, leaders of this preached of a strict and unforgiving God
Where did Nathaniel Hawthorne live after his father died at sea?
With other relatives, referred to as “Castle Dismal”
What is the book that Hawthorne hated and tried to burn all of the copies?
Fanshawe, 1828
When was the Scarlet Letter published?
1850
Who was one of Hawthorne’s pallbearers?
Franklin Pierce
What were Hawthorne’s family homes?
Old Manse and The Wayside
What kind of author was Hawthorne considered?
A dark romantic, often portrayed man as full of sin and guilt. Also explored the individual on a deeper psychological level to see what motivated the evilness in people.
Structuralism
Type of literary analysis theory that analyzes a piece of literature based on organizational patterns in order to find meaning
Frame structure
Writer says novel is close to absolute geometric composition
Scaffold chapters
High points of action occur in the chapters
