Muscle and joint actions both affect the performance of a discus-athlete. Various types of joint actions and muscular actions can take place once when the movement is executed by the athlete. As an example, a discus-thrower usually activates the horizontal abduction and the horizontal adduction during the preparation or execution phases of his/her throw.The ground contact of the discus-thrower is very important as it keeps the thrower’s center of gravity station within his/her strongest point of contact thus maintaining his/her balance. The pronation of the contact-foot is actually a combined set of movements consisting of the dorsiflexion at the angle joint, eversion in the tarsals and abduction in the ulna. A restriction of the rotation in one direction at the pelvic girdle level may require an increase in amount of rotation of the thoracic spine.Doing so, affects the contractions of the rectus abdominis and latissimus dorsi thus affecting the rotational phase of the athlete’s throw.
Execution of the discus requires a great amount of force and power affecting the muscle extensions from the crest to the vertebrate in the lower back of the humerus Strength and Power is vital in the sport of discus. Being able to exert a massive amount of energy in a short period of time is considered important.The ability to deliver the discus with the maximum force requires a strong and supple body composition of the thrower supported by powerful legs to move the athlete through the throwing circle explosively prior to the release of the disc. Muscular strength is taken into account within all the phases of the discus throw and it must be paired with an effective and dynamic technique. As an example, great body index produces a large amount of driving force which the thrower transfers to the disc as he/she releases it.The effect of the exerted force results in the distance travelled by the disc when thrown.
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The legs of the thrower are the main source of balance, stability and force production during several different phases of the movement. Agility is vital as it activates the athlete’s lower body prior to the upper body to rotate in an angle of 360 – 380 depending upon the athlete’s point of coordination.