Course Heuristic
Images, Genre & Mode, Speaker, Words, Lines, Stanzas
Major Poetic Movement of the Modern Era
Imagism, Surrealism, Confessionalist poetry and Language Poetry
Imagism
“an image is which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time”- Ezra Pound, does not mean its made up of images all poems are made up of images, short, concrete and concise language, not personal/ cannot see poet
Surrealism
“the world of dream and the real world are one and the same”-Andre Breton, attempted to portray, express, or interpret the workings of the subconscious mind, dreamlike images, non logical structure. Be fearless and get weird.
Confessionalist
confessionalist poets write from material from their own lives, does not equal first person, normally a poem about a deep sorrow, pain or taboo like suicide or homicidal thoughts
Language
highly meta poetic, rejects first person, rejects unified poem, use of multiple discourses( a language by a group) rejects the neo-confessional lyric
Genres
epic, dramatic and lyric
Mode
lyric, narrative, and metapoetic
Epic
long narrative, tale of hero
Dramatic
Plays (think of Shakespeare), Dramatic Monologue, Speaker takes on a persona
Lyric
Sestina, Villanelle, elegy, ballad, sonnet
Lyric (as a mode)
personal expression. mental process: perception, description, emotion, ideas, internal/psychological
Narrative
storytelling, sequence of events, focus on external world/ sociological
metapoetic
focus on language itself, poetry about poetry, meta fiction, attention to process of writing/ creating poem, language poetry
elegy
a poem of serious reflection, lament of the dead
epic
long narrative about heroic dead
dramatic monoluge
narrative by imagined person revenging aspects
ballad
narrating in short stanzas
lyric
expressing the writer’s emotions
villanelle
19 line poem
sestina
6 stanzas final triplet
Shakespearean Sonnet
4 quatrains 2 rhyming couplets
Spencerian Sonnet
5 possible rhymes
Petrarchan Sonnet
Italian sonnet, consisting of an octave and a meter of abbaabba, 8 line stanza then split into 6 line stanza
cataletic foot
an incomplete foot or lacking of syllable at end, in falling rhymes (trochaic and dactylic)
feminine ending
in rising rhyme scheme, a line in verse that ends with an unstressed syllable
metonomy
use of a closely associated term
synechdoche
use of part of a whole
blank verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter
free verse
no regular rhyme or meter
iambic pentameter
the default meter of the English language
dimeter
2 beats
trimeter
3 beats
tetrameter
4 beats
petameter
5 beats
hexemeter
6 beats
alliteration
repetition of an initial sound
assonance
repetition of a vowel sound (Scott/Squall)
consonance
repetition of constant patter w/ different vowels (pitter /patter)
Liquids
R, L, W
Nasals
M N NG
Plosives
P B T D K G
Fricatives
F V H TH
Sibilants
S Z SH
High Vowel Sounds
I (buy) A (bay) E (bee)
Low Vowel Sounds
oo (boo) o (home) o (hook) aw *(brought) oi (buy) ow (bough) ah (bar)
diction
the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing
connotation
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning
denotation
the literal or primary meaning of a word
Anaphora
repetition of opening word
Antithesis
opposition of A and B
Appostion
list of different formulations of the same thing
Chiamus
an X like arrangement
metaphor
comparison without like or as
anticlimax
a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events
catalouge
verse that presents a list of people, objects or abstract qualities
rhetorical question
rhetorical question may have an obvious answer but the questioner asks rhetorical questions to lay emphasis to the point.
In literature, a rhetorical question is self-evident and used for style as an impressive persuasive device.
aposhrophe
direct address to an absent person or nonhuman thing
paradox
a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.
onomnapiea
the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo, sizzle ).
parallelism
the state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning
periphrasis
he use of indirect and multiple words within speech or writing.an indirect and circumlocutory phrase
personification
the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.
pun
a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings
simile
a comparison using like or as
