literary terms – prose

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Last updated: May 12, 2019
genre
a French term meaning a literary type, class, or category

prose
everyday, ordinary writing, not involving rhyme or meter

fiction
imaginative prose writing

non-fiction
non-imaginative prose writing that tells of real people, places, objects, or events or that presents and explains an idea

characters
people or animals that take part in the action of a literary work.

setting
time and place of the action of a literary work

plot
a series of related events involving characters in conflict

theme
the central concern, purpose, or idea of a literary work illustrated by the plot.

tone
the reflection of the author’s attitude toward his subject, characters, and readers.

mood
the atmospher of a literary work created by the author’s tone, the choice of setting, and the events of the story.

point of view
is the perspective or vantage point from which the story is told.

exposition
part of a literary work, usually found at the beginning, which introduces characters, establishes the setting, and other background information needed to understand the plot.

inciting incident
the event that begins the conflict

complications
events that intensify the conflict

climax
the peak of interest or suspense in a work of literature

resolution
the event that ends the conflict

denouement
any event occurring after the resolution that helps to clarify the resolution.

third-person limited
point of view in which the story is told from the perspective of someone outside the story (not a character) who knows the thoughts and feelings of only one character.

third-person omniscient
point of view in which the story is told from the perspective of someone outside the story (not a character) who knows the thoughts and feelings of more than one character.

third-person objective (also known as the dramatic point of view)
point of view in which the story is told from the perspective of someone outside the story (not a character) who can only reveal what he sees and hears.

first-person
point of view in which the story is told from the perspective of a character in the story.

flashback
is an interruption in the sequence of events to present an earlier event.

foreshadowing
the author’s use of hints or clues to events that have not yet occurred.

irony
a term for various literary devices involving amusing, surprising, or interesting contrasts or contradictions.

dramatic irony
irony involving a contrast or contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader knows to be true.

situational irony
irony in which there is a contrast or contradiction between what is expected to happen and what really does. (situational irony may involve the characters or the reader or both)

verbal irony (also known as irony of tone)
irony in which there is a contrast or contradiction between what is said and what is meant.

protagonist
the main character in a literary work

antagonist
character or force in conflict with the main character that tries to keep the main character from accomplishing his goal

external conflict
a conflict between a character and some outside force such as another character, nature, or society.

internal conflict
conflict within a single character.

epiphany
a moment of sudden insight in which a character realizes some truth.

symbol
something that has a meaning in itself yet stands for or represents something else.

allegory
a type of literature that uses symbols to teach a lesson.

developing character
a character that changes as a result of the events in a work of literature

static character
a character that does not change as a result of the events in a work of literature

allusion
a reference in one work of literature to a place, person, object, or event from another work of literature or field of study.

biography
the account of a person’s life written by another person

autobiography
a person’s own account of his/her life.

essay
a short work of nonfiction that deals with a particular subject

novel
an extended work of narrative prose fiction

short story
a brief work of narrative prose fiction that can be read in one sitting and that tries to create one single emotional effect in the reader.

flat character
a character demonstrating only one or two character traits in a work of literature

round character
a complex character demonstrating various character traits in a work of literature.

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