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| A thought process, structured by the teacher, that employs the description, classification, and analysis of more than one system, group, or the like in order to ascertain and evaluate similarities and differences. |
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| The aim of education is to develop the power of self control in each student.
The primary source of control does not reside in the teacher, but with the student…Developing experiences for students, and activities that will guide them, is the task at hand.
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| Developmental learning theory |
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| focuses instruction on the needs of developmental stages of growth in the student. |
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| holds a much broader view of the classroom interaction, believing that the student, and not the teacher, is the key to learning. |
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| National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE)Goal 1 |
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| National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE)Goal 2 |
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| Expanding and integrating knowledge |
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| National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE)Goal 3 |
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| National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE)Goal 4 |
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| Thinking and reasoning skills |
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| National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE)Goal 5 |
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| National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE)Goal 6 |
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| Personal and social responsibility |
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| K-8 School Model Attractions |
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| *Greater parental choice*A promise of better achievement*Perceived cost effectiveness*Smaller and more personal learning enviornments*Lowered secondary school dropout rates*Ability to retain community support |
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| A book that used Bible verses and other resources to teach reading and number skills |
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| The First Board of Education |
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| Established in Massachusetts in 1837 with Horace Mann as its initial secretary |
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| 1826-1876New American consciousness regarding educating children. Legislators were pressured to provide more money for elementary schools, and the curriculum was enriched |
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| Individualized Instruction |
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| Accomodating differences among students |
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| Communication skills: reading, writitng, listening, and speaking |
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| Students write how they think a word is spelled and check it later |
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| Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) |
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| Difficulty remaining seatedCalling out without requestInterrupting othersTalking excessively |
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| All students between the age of 3 and 21 must have available to them a free and appropriate public education. |
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Curriculum Development evolves through this cycle.
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| Situation is analyzed, program is designed, steps are taken to implement the program, then an assessment is made |
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| The teacher enters the classroom with a planned curriculum, analyzes the plan in terms of the students being taught, and adjusts it to fit the students.
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| Basis of Elementary School Curriculum |
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| Devoted to teaching reading, writing, and arithmatic to a broad program encompassing not only basic skills but a variety of learning experiences. |
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| The Old Deluder Satan Act |
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| Passed by the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Required towns to establish common schools and grammar schools so men could read the Scriptures and escape the clutches of Satan. |
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| First law to require establishment of schools at the expense of the community. |
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| Educational work experience, sometimes fully paid, acquired by pupils in a practical service situation. |
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| By studying what is familiar, students might become more curious about science, geography, and math. |
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| Curricula of the elementary school should be built on interests of students and should represent real life by discussing and continueing activities with which the child is already familiar at home. |
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| First board of education established |
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| First secretary of education |
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| Spoke against ignorance and in favor of an educated population |
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| Thomas Jefferson and James Madison |
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| Curriculum in elementary school is organized around… |
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| bases of knowledge, the needs of the society, and human learning and development |
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| Manipulative and tactile activity |
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| Activity by which students use the movement of various muscles and the sense of touch to develop manipulative or perceptual skills or both. |
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| ;Modern Instructional Theory |
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| Students naturally engage in making sense out of their worlds.;Students lack;experience but not;reasoning ability.;Teachers understand patterns not noticed by novice learners.;Teachers demonstrate the context of knowledge application.;Technology can help students visualize and understand.;Technology can access an array of information for students |
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| Find ways to integrate curriculum into the existing program of studies at your school.;Seek ways to help teachers put their personal learning theories into practice.;Find ways to demonstrate that different methods can be used to meet state standards and outcome expectations.;Become the primary resource person for teachers in your school or district.;Seek ways to help teachers put their personal learning theories into practice.;Learning focus.; Factual, skill-based, process, or value. |
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| Timed or untimed, structured or fluid. |
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Teacher is like an interior decorator and not an architect
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| Sees the classroom from an external standpoint and assumes that learning occurs because of something the teacher does to the student. |
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| embraces the theory that children learn to read the way they learn to talk–naturally |
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| Students provide their associations to the topic to be studied. |
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| an awareness of one’s mental processes. |
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| Creating Independance through Student-owned Strategies |
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| Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi |
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| responsible for building the base for the modern elementary school |
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| Progressive education movement |
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| heavily influenced elementary curricula until 1957 |
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| forced a reexamination of the purpose of elementary school |
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| National Science Foundation and National Defense Education Act |
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| pumped millions of dollars into development of science and math programs and materials |
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| provide more effectively for students’ individual differences |
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| Whole group, reading level, reading needs, interest groups, practice or tutorial groups, research group, and individualization |
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| Accelerated Reader and Star Reading programs |
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| provides statistical information collected on students, so that the teacher may access students better and provide for their individual needs |
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