Litote
Trying to convey a message by denying the opposite of what you mean.Example = “That sword was not useless to the warrior now.”
Kenning
Kenning: Serves the purpose of metaphorExample = Helmet bearers for Warriors
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Verbal Irony
What is said is the opposite of what is meant.Example = Referring to Lady Macbeth as “Gentle Lady.”
Framed Narrative
Smaller stories within a story.Example = Canterbury tales is a framed narrative.
Foil
Character whose personality is opposite to another.Example = Cinderella’s sisters were mean. They could be called foils to show how good Cinderella was.
Equivocation
Telling something that is not false, but doesn’t reveal the unpleasant truth.Example = Witches telling Macbeth about becoming King, but hiding the path he would take to attain it.
Allusion
Referring to something outside the text. (History, Literature, Famous event.)Example = Her love for the man was her Achilles heal.
–> Achilles heal = Allusion
Foreshadowing
Hinting to something that is to come.
Comitatus
Loyalty to the kingExample = “We only serve you my Lord.”
Epic
A long poem about a hero’s deedExample = Beowulf
Epic Hero
Main character of the epicExample = Beowulf
Couplet
AA, BB, CC Rhyme Scheme
Aside
Something that is said to the audience.
Not the character.
Apostrophe
Addressing an someone or an imaginary personExample = Macbeth seeing apparition at the Banquet
Motif
A recurring element in a story
Ode
A poem dedicated to someone / thing
Oxymoron
A contradictory statement.Example = silent scream
Paradox
A situation that defies logic. Self contradictory statement. Example = Going back in time to kill your dad/mom..
.how would you be there to go back in time?
Personification
When an animal or object is given human characteristics
Quatrain
A stanza of 4 lines.
Romance(Genre)
Courtly love, ChivalryExample = Sir Gawain
Horatian Satire
Bring out the bad characteristics to show good ones.Example = Homer in Simpsons.
They make fun of his obesity and stupidity, but it teaches morals and lessons.
Juvenal Satire
Addresses corruption in society through a narrative. More abrasive and addresses evils.Example = LOTF. Showing the evil side of man and human nature.
Simile
Comparison using like or as.Example = ……Pretty self explanatory
Soliloquy
A speech made to one’s selfExample: “If it were done when tis done.”
Sonnets
14 Lines.Every other line rhymes except the ending couplet.
Tragic Hero
A person with flaws that brings on a tragedy.Example = Macbeth
