rhetorical Analysis

logical appeal

ethical (moral) appeal

play on words in which the same word is used in different senses or words similiar in sounds are used in opposition to each other for a rhetorical contrast.

the omission of conjunctions replaced by commas

the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all the characters in the story

one or more questions is/are asked and then immediately answered by one and the same speaker

gives inanimate objects human characteristics

person or people literary piece is directed at

part that represents the whole

buttering up of one’s audience so as to lower defenses and create an objective ear

an original model of which other similiar things are patterned or copied.

a comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship and show howw they are alike.

pleasing effect to the ear; harmonious sounding

harsh discordance of sound

out of harmony

inharmonious or harsh sound; discord.

a comprehension or perception of reality by means of a sudden intuitive realization.

appeal to sense of humor; usually crude or gross

poem that praises the dead

speech praising that laments a person’s death but also emphasizes great qualities

act of persuasion; fathered by Aristotle

not logically sound; falsehoods that destroy the argument

giving in to part of the opposition’s argument in order to lower the opposing side’s defenses

representing an item but never using it i.e.

Jessica Simpson (proactiv commercials)

predicting without justification that one step in a process will lead unavoidably to a second, generally undesirable step.

a quality that allows that readers to interpret a story or other work in more than one way.

major premise

conclusion of a syllogism

form of reasoning that presumes an either or situation

an illiogical rhetorical fallacy.

shortened version of a syllogism that leaves the major premise unstated and consists of “because”

anaphora, epistrophe, antistrophe, alliteration, consonance, assonance, parallel syntactic structure, asyndeton

the repeating of words at the end of succesive phrases, clauses, or sentences to increase emphasis

similiar to anaphora but anywhere in a sentence

part of logos

appeal to audience’s sense of logic, ethics, and emotions.

Is a device but usage is part of the appeals

the utilization of an expert’s quote in your argument to support

the repetition of consanant sounds in several words of a sentence

giving emotions to nature

fallacy of argument; don’t allow exchange of ideas upon meaning

information used to support & explain main ideas of a paragraph or essay, a narration, description, examples, classification, division, comparison & contrast and process, cause & effect, etc.

expressing much in little words

expressed through the narrator to the focal character “I” “me”

the way in which words are put together to form sentences

prose writing that presents and explains ideas or that tells about real people, places, objects or events.

the sequence of related events that make up a story

lengthy statement that imparts wisdom

form of hyperbole, but in a persuasive speech it is called an “overstatement”

a type of verbal irony in which something is purposely represented as being far less important than it actually is

short story used to teach a moral

attack the person not the argument

alters the literal sense of a word or phrase, so metaphor, simile & allegory are all types

the omission of conjuctions and addition of multiple commas

a reference to literary work

two opposing ideas or concepts to form a new idea or concept

giving animals human characteristics

creation of mental pictures through pertinent word choice & heightened description; appeals to the five senses

precise dictionary definition; literal meanings of a word

any careful detailing of a person, place, thing, or event.

one of the for major forms of discourse; re-create sensory impressions: sights, sounds, smells, textures, tastes

a word that imitates the sound it represents

a form of literary art in which the language is used for its aesthetic is evocative qualities

a recurring image, word, phase, action, idea, object or situation that appears in various works or throughout the same work

the final outcome of the main complication in a play or story

the presentation of the features and characteristics of a certain locality, so that the reader can picture the setting being described

style analysis

emotional analysis

adheres closely to one character’s perspective

a condensed form of paradox where seemingly contradictory words are joined together

to use an image or reference from history in present-day

word choice

paradox that does not work, cancels out one another

a type of parallelism in which the balanced elements are presented in reverse order rather than in the same order

instructive in nature

a figure speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and was able to reply

the repetition of a sound or letter at the beginning of each word of several words in the same sentence

a dramatic pause, used to heighten suspense

the repetition of a vowel sound in several words throughout a sentence

a type of figurative language in which a statement is made that says that one thing is something else but, literally, it is not; compares an entire thing to another without using “like” or “as”

abrupt change in tone

focus is to persuade by assigning blame or attempt to prove innocence

the narrator refers to the focal character as “you”

setting forth a meaning or intent

repetition at the beginning of each consecutive sentence

using the same part of speech or syntactic structure in each element of a series, before and after coordinating conjunctions and after each pair of correlative conjunctions

the use of specific objects or images to represent abstract ideas

image or reference from the Bible alluded to in literature or pictures, words, etc.

general to specific

use of similiar or identical language, structures, events or ideas in different parts of a text

3 part deductive formula- logical in nature and utilized to convince or persuade

an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from meanings of the words that make it up

the contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is

the substitution of a mild or less negative word or phrase for a harsh or blunt one

refers to a type pf informal diction that reflects casual, conversational language (also includes slang expressions); region specific diction

specific example from the major premise

a “black or white” type of thinking where there are only absolutes

minor premise

analyze rhetorical devices

subjective, cultural, or emotional definition; based on emotions and actions

mood brought forth by story or poem

a figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as

facts that support the thesis or assertion in a piece of writing

drawing a general and premature conclusion on the basis of only one or two cases

diverting attention from the issue by introducing a new point

this is the genre of political debate, but also the major genre concerned with the giving of advice in general; focuses on calling themed change

based on facts and provably true

based on opinion and often biased

specific to general

specific statement asserted as true or as univeral truth

voice in a story

something that does not belong; out of place

marriage of logic: half of major premise + half of minor premise = ?

reason for writing the literary piece

any language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or a subject

a metaphor extended in length throughout a paragraph

short statement that imparts wisdom

event in which it takes place

literary classification

imaginative form of narrative

the main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work

a design or pattern in a literay work used to achieve a particular effect

the process of discussion and compromise between conflicting positions

a new or invented word, expression, or usage

a yearning for the past or for some condition or state of existence that cannot be recovered

a serious lyric poem, often of significant length, that usually conforms to an elaborate metrical structure

the beginning of an argument or essay; the introduction

in this verb form, the subject of the sentence recieves the action denoted by the verb. Allways consistes of a form of “to be” plus the past participle of the verb.

Example: The floor ‘was swept’ by Gretchen

a work that imitates the style of a previous author, work, or literary genre; also a work that contains a hodgepodge of elements or fragments from different sources or influences. The imitation in pastiche is not meant as satire or mockery

the character an author assumes in a written work

any composition not written in verse. The basic unit of prose is the sentence, whereas the basic unit of poetry is a line of verse.

Prose writing can be rhythmic but is generally less musical than verse

the main character around whom the story revolves

a statement that modifies or limits the meaning of a claim

a loose term that can refer to any work that aims at honest portrayal over sentationalism, exaggeration, or melodrama; ordinary contemporary life, so to speak

thoughtful, deliberative

latin for “in the middle of things”; refers to the technique of starting a narrative in the middle of the action.

a rhetorical technique in which a speaker suggests his or her similarity or closeness to a particular group, such as the audience

involving a hypothesis (an assumption granted for the sake of argument)

the process of proving something wrong by argument and evidence

a narrative technique in which some of the events of a story are describes after events that occur later in time have already been narrated; also called analepsis and flashback

an extraordinary use of language to achieve a certai effect on an audience. examples are chiasmus, parallelism, rhetorical question, ans synecdoche

one of the varieties of language appropriate to particular social situations. The four stylistic registers most commonly referred to are formal, informal, colloquial, and slang.

an author’s persistent presence in his or her work, meant to ensure that the audience will maintain critical detachment and not simply accept the writing at face value

a technique in which one understanding of a situation stands in a sharp contrast to another, usually more prevalent, understanding of the same situation

When a single word that governs or modifies two or more others must be understood differently with respect to each of those words. A combination of grammatical parallelism and semantic incongruity, often with a witty or comical effect

an error in chronology, or placing an event, person, item, or language expression in the wrong period

a moment of recognition or self-discovery; primarily used in reference to Greek tragedy

in grammar, a substantive word, phrase, or clause whose denotation is referred to by a pronoun.

In logic, the conditional element in a proposition

a protagonist who is not admirable or who challenges our notions of what should be considered admirable

the act of ignoring a problem or issue by assuming that it is already settled

a novel about the education or psychological growth of the protagonist, or the main character

disturbing or absurd material presented in a humorous manner, usually with the intention of confronting uncomfortable truths

in writing and literature, an author’s exaggeration or distortion of certain traits or characteristics of an individual

the deception of fate or the universe as malicious or indifferent to human suffering, creating a painful contrast between our purposeful activity and its ultimate meaningfulness

a form of reasoning that proceeds by juxtaposing contradictory ideas and synthesizing or finding areas of agreement between them

a converastion between two or more speakers; also an exchange of ideas

the wider social and intellectual context in which communication takes place.

to turn or move away from the main subject of discussion or the main argument in a piece of writing

a technique in which the author lets the audience in on a character’s situation while the character remains uninformed

a concrete oobject that represents something abstract; unlike a symbol, an emblem has a fixed meaning that does not vary in different contexts

a quotation placed at the beginning of a piece of literature or at the beginning of one of its chapters or scenes to provide the reader with some ideas about the content or meaning to follow

narrated through letters

a brief statement to memorialize a deceased person or a thing, time, or eventthat has ended

the detailed analysis of a literary work

a syllable, word, or group of words added to fill a void (perhaps to make a metrical scheme work), but which do not add to the meanng of a piece of writing i.e. “there” “it”

am, is, are, was, were, has or have been, had been, will have been, being, and to be; creates a passive voice

arrangement of events in order of occurence

behaving or speaking in such a manner as to create a false appearance of great importance or worth

the inclusion of the anticipated argument before it is brought up by the opposing side’s argument

the combination of ideas into a complex whole

deductive reasoning

an artistic composition dealing with the life of shepherds or with a simple, rural existence

a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing; a form of bathos

having the characteristics of the language of the past and surviving chiefly in specialized uses

a work of literature that teaches a lesson by using animals or other things to proving a satire

a short account of an interesting or humorous incident, often biographical

a literary mode based on criticism of people and society through ridicule and humor